Preface
The need for CAD/GIS integration arises in many applications. Integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and geospatial information systems (GIS) can reduce many inefficiencies and errors made during design, planning, and execution of a project.
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| CAD and GIS |
It can also streamline decision making during operations. Many tasks, in particular engineering tasks in design, construction, and asset management throughout the life-cycle of an infrastructure or a facility, require knowledge of and skills in several interrelated and yet disconnected task-specific software and tools. CAD and GIS were developed separately, with decades of standalone existence. They have traditionally been used in tandem for making crucial decisions in
many applications. Problem solving through CAD and GIS requires their proper integration for efficient and effective processing of data and operations. This book provides knowledge about existing and emerging methodologies, techniques, and technologies for integrating CAD and GIS. It provides background on CAD and GIS from their early development to current trends and future directions for integrating CAD and GIS. It covers both the breadth and depth of knowledge in this area.
Chapters 1 and 2 introduce CAD and GIS, respectively, providing historical overviews, current trends, and insights on future directions. Chapter 1, contributed by Omer Akin, covers the history of CAD, which was developed in the 1960s; describes its current status, with a specific focus on building information modeling; and discusses future directions in CAD to address emerging architecture,engineering, construction, and facility management challenges. Such challenges include building performance modeling, life-cycle modeling, sustainable design, operations and maintenance efficiency, and manufacturing, as well as supporting interoperability and seamless data exchange between different CAD systems.
Chapter 2 is contributed by Piyawan Kasemsuppakorn, Duangduen Roongpiboonsopit, and Hassan A. Karimi. It provides an overview of GIS, with an emphasis on fundamental concepts and theories, as well as current developments and emerging trends. The topics discussed in the chapter include fundamental models for geographic representation and spatial analyses, as well as recently developed distributed GIS techniques, Geo Web Services, Mobile GIS, and 3D GIS.
Thetechnologies used for localization in indoor and outdoor environments, as well as different modes of transportation and user preferences that need to be considered. Chapter 7, contributed by Michael J. Casey and Sriharsha Vankadara, discusses the role of semantics in CAD/GIS integration and current perspectives on interoperability and integration, such as syntactic versus semantic integration, and the use of semantic Web languages and services. It describes several cases within facility and infrastructure planning and security engineering areas that highlight the need for supporting semantic integration.
This chapter also assesses building information modeling as an approach for enabling semantic integration of CAD and GIS. Chapter 8, contributed by Tamer El-Diraby and Hesham Osman, discusses utilization of ontological approaches to enable semantically rich integration of CAD and GIS. It provides foundational knowledge on ontologies and covers several methods for creating ontologies. It also describes in detail an ontology developed for infrastructure products and related concepts for the city of Toronto. This offers an example to demonstrate the role of ontologies in streamlining the consolidation of heterogeneous data from CAD and GIS.
Chapter 9 is contributed by Burcu Akinci, Hassan A. Karimi, Anu Pradhan, Cheng-Chien Wu, and Greg Fichtl. It discusses the utilization of semantic Web services as a way to enable interoperability between CAD and GIS. The chapter specifically considers a set of interoperability challenges associated with CAD and GIS platforms, and describes a Web service–based approach that can enable semantic interoperability between CAD and GIS. Such a semantic Web approach incorporates task decomposition, ontology identification, Web service discovery and matching, and service composition.
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